Text课文

New words生词

Notes 注释

Phonetics 语音

Pronunciation drills语音练习

Initials 声母

Finals 韵母

Tones 声调

Third-tone sandhi三声变调

Neutral tone轻声

Spelling rules拼写规则

Grammar 语法

Conversation practice 会话练习

Saying hello打招呼

Greeting 问候

Pronunciation key发音要领

Word order in Chinese sentences汉语的语序

Chinese characters汉字

Basic stokes of Chinese characters汉字基本笔画

Greetings 问候别人

Asking what someone wants问需要

Sentences with an adjectival predicate形容词谓语句

Yes-no question with “吗” 用“吗”的是非问句

Identifying people认指人

Asking someone’s nationality问国籍

Asking for permission请求允许

Asking someone’s name问姓名

Introducing oneself自我介绍

Sentence with 是 是字句（1）

Rules of stroke order笔顺规则

Looking for someone找人

Saying goodbye告别

Asking for directions问地点

Expressing thanks道谢

Questions with an interrogative pronoun用疑问代词的问句

Combined character strokes汉字复合笔画

Pronunciation review语音复习

Making comments评论

Making suggestions 建议

Asking someone to repeat something请求重复

Refusing or declining politely婉拒

Tone sandhi of “一”“一”的变调

Sentences with a verbal predicate动词谓语句

Combination of strokes笔画组合

V+一下 to indicate a short and quick action

The interjection 叹词“啊”

Nouns directly used as attributives名词直接作定语

Meeting someone for the first time初次见面

Talking about one’s major谈专业

Reading comprehension and paraphrasing阅读与复述

Attributives expressing possession表领属关系的定语

V not V question; A not A question正反疑问句

Abbreviated question with “呢” 用“呢”构成的省略式问句

The position of adverbs “也”and “都”“也”和“都”的位置

The modal particle语气助词“啊”

The conjunction连词“和”

Introducing and additional remark“还”（1）表示有所补充

The adverb副词“太”

Talking about one’s family谈家庭

Asking about someone’s occupation问职业

Talking about one’s university谈学校

Numbers from 11 to 100 11-100的称数法

Numeral-measure words as attributive数量词作定语

Sentence with 有 有字句

Questions with 几or 多少 用几或多少提问

Structure of Chinese characters汉字的结构

The expression 是吗？

The adverb 副词“多”

To extend one’s good wishes祝你····

Verbs or verbal phrases as objects 动词或动词词组作宾语

Making an appointment约会

Asking about someone’s age and birthplace问年龄和出生地

Celebrating someone’s birthday祝贺生日

Expressing the date and days of the week  年、月、日和星期

Words expressing time as adverbials表时间的词语作状语

Sentences with a nominal predicate名词谓语句

Demonstrative pronouns 这and 那 指示代词“这”“那”作定语

To ask about how one should do something怎么+VP

Questions with ···是不是/是吗

To ask the price of something一斤···多少钱

Monetary units of Chinese currency人民币单位

Like or dislike喜欢不喜欢

Solving language problems解决语言困难

Shopping 买东西

Preposition phrase介词词组

Sentences with double objects双宾语动词谓语句“给、送”

The indefinite measure word一点儿

With a negative connotation哪里 表示否定

Expressing the continuation of a state or action“还”（2）表示现象或动作的继续

Asking about time 问时间

Expressing one’s ability表示能力

Expressing permission or prohibition表示允许或禁止

Telling time 钟点

Optative verbs能愿动词谓语句

Sentences with serial verb phrases连动句（1）表目的

Sentences with double objects 双宾语动词谓语句（2）教 问

The pronoun 代词“每”

To ask about the cause of something怎么问原因

The modal particle to soften the tone of speech语气助词吧（1）缓和语气

As an adverbial modifier跟pr/np一起

The preposition介词”给”

The adverbial modifier有一点儿

Talking about one’s health谈身体状况

Expressing one’s desire 表示意愿

Expressing need or necessity表示必要

Sentences with a subject-predicate structure as predicate 主谓谓语句

Alternative questions选择疑问句

Optative verbs能愿动词谓语句：要、想、愿意

Adjectives “多”and “少”as attributives形容词“多”及“少”作定语

To indicate location Pr/n+这儿/那儿表处所

Verbs or verbal phrases as attributives动词或动词词组作定语

Talking about something that has happened谈已经发生的事

Renting a house 租房

Asking for suggestions征求建议

Making a phone call 打电话

Invitations 邀请

The particle 助词“了”

Pivotal sentence 兼语句

Optative verbs能愿动词谓语句：可能、会

Consulting a Chinese dictionary using radicals部首查字法

To extend someone’s regards问···好

Subject-predicate structures as attributives主谓结构作定语

Making a complaint or an apology抱怨或道歉

Passing on someone’s regards转达问候

Expressing holiday greetings节日祝愿

Consulting a Chinese dictionary arranged by pinyin alphabetical order音序查字法

 

The preposition 介词“从”

The adverb 副词“就”

Confirming that something has happened肯定事情己经发生

Commenting on one’s action评价动作或行为

Changing money at the bank在银行换钱

Describing a place one has visited描述去过的地方

The complement of state情态补语（1）

Particle “了” confirming the completion or realization of something助词“了”肯定事情的完成或实现

Reduplication of the verb动词的重叠

The pronoun 代词“自己”

To refer to the order of things or to a time sequence“上、下”表示次序或时间

Filling out forms填表

Borrowing books 借书

Returning books 还书

Making new friends认识新朋友

Leaving and coming back in a moment暂时离开

The simple directional complement 简单趋向补语

The “把”sentence “把”字句

The time-measure complement时量补语

来、去、到with time-measure complement 动词“来、去、到”等带时量补语

To express an extent or degree“极了、多了”表示程度

The combined usage of particle助词了1与了2连用

Describing things描述事物

Comparing things比较

Buying clothes买衣服

Comparison using the preposition 介词“比”表比较

The complement of quantity数量补语

 

The measure word量词“些”

The preposition介词“往”

At the post office在邮局

uncertainty不能确定

reminding提醒

Taking the bus坐公共汽车

The resultative complement结果补语

Expressing a duration of time表达持续时间

Talking about hobbies谈爱好

Comparing things比较

Exchanging greetings寒暄

Saying goodbye告别

To make a comparison跟···不一样

Sentences with serial verb phrase (means or manner)连动句

Conjunction或者

Elliptical questions with 呢

Asking for reasons问原因

Hurrying somebody up催促

New year’s greetings新年祝愿

Sentences with a verbal predicate动词谓语句

The noun以后

The preposition 离

Emphasizing the time and location强调过去的时间地点

Talking about direction and location谈方位

Asking about direction问路

Talking about sports matches谈体育比赛

Sentences indicating existance 表存在的句子

The demonstrative pronoun指示代词“这么”“有的“

Talking about a past experience谈过去的经历

Looking for a job找工作

Making an appointment or a date with someone约会

Making comments评价

The action-measure complement动量补语

The exclamatory construction多+a/v+啊

The appositive phrases 同位短语

Talking about plane谈计划

Making suggestions提建议

Talking about weather谈天气

Purchasing plane tickets买飞机票

Going to a restaurant去饭馆

An action that is going to take place in a short time动作即将发生

The complex direction complement 复合趋向补语

Notional passive sentences无标志被动句

Talking about living conditions谈正在进行的动作

Talking about changes谈变化

Talking about living condition谈生活情况

Picking someone up and seeing someone off 接人和送行

Changed circumstances情况的变化

The progressive aspect of an action动作的进行

As the prefix for ordinal numbers“第”表序数

Talking about an incident叙述事情的经过

Visiting a patient问候病人

Making complaints抱怨

The continuous aspect of an action or a state 动作或状态的持续

The被sentence被字句

The resultative complements结果补语“到”“在”

The conditional construction如果···就···

Differentiating homophones区别同音词

Differentiating characters with similar forms区分形近字

Recalling past events回忆往事

Talking about language studies谈语言学习

The aspects of an action动作的态

 

Expressing one’s opinion表示看法

Giving an example举例说明

Separable disyllabic verbs离合词

Presenting and appreciating a gift馈赠与称赞

Asking in retort反诘

worrying about something担心

Using the verb有/没有to expressing comparisons

The rhetorical question反问句

Sentences containing a series of verbs连动句

As the resultative complement结果补语“上、开”

The verb 是for emphasis and affirmation动词 是 强调肯定

Expressing modesty表示谦虚

Sentences indicating existence or emergence存现句

The reduplication of adjectives形容词重叠

The structural particle结构助词“地”

The conjunction“要不”

Indicating a change表示变化

Making a summary进行总结

Giving encouragement表示鼓励

Asking about something询问事物性状

Describing scenery描写景色

Enumeration of the numbers万 以上的称数法

Approximate numbers 概数

Pivotal sentences 兼语句

Making someone’s acquaintance认识

Making a guess猜测

Giving a vague response模糊表达

Explaining解释

The abbreviation缩略语

Indicating a possibility表示可能

Expressing concern表达关心

Bringing up a topic of conversation引起话题

Potential complement可能补主

Extended use of 出来 出来的引申用法

The reduplication of nouns,measure words and numeral-measure words phrase名语、量词和数量词短语的重叠

Preposition 为 介词“为”

Making additional remarks补充说明

Stressing a point表示强调

Telling a story叙述

Interrogative pronouns of indefinite denotation疑问代词表示虚指

The subjectless sentence无主句

Reproaching and questioning责备与质问

Refusing拒绝

Making an explanation解释

Interrogative pronouns of general denotation疑问代词表任指

Fractions分数

Percentages百分数

multiples倍数

“像”used to cite examples像 表示举例

谈气候Making about the climate

Sequence of action动作的顺序

Indicating a degree得很

Indicating an approximate number“好几”表概数

pronoun代词“俩”

Congratulating the newly-weds祝贺新婚

Clarifying a point of view澄清观点

Comforting劝慰

Flexible uses of interrogative pronouns疑问代词活动

Distinguishing the characters with multiple pronunciations and meanings

区别多音多义字

 

 

 

 

 

发展汉语：Developing Chinese

第二版：The 2^nd edition

初级综合：Elementary Comprehensive Course

语法术语：Grammar Terms

缩写\省略：Abbreviations

省略疑问句：an abbreviated interrogative sentence

汉字结构类型：type of structures of Chinese character

独体结构：single-element

品字形结构：品-shaped

上下结构：top-bottom

上中下结构：top –middle-bottom

左右结构：left-right

左中右结构：left-middle-right

全包围结构：fully-enclosed

半包围结构：semi-enclosed

偏旁：radical

      口字旁---吗

      □方框---国

选择问句：alternative sentence

     

 

 

clauses 小句  conditional sentence条件复句

(英语解释) 只要……就……：The pair of conjunctions is used to connect two clauses in a conditional sentence, the first clause being condition and the second being the result. For example,

 

只有……才 VS 只要……就   为什么不可以是 只要 才 ；只有 就

只要……就  比较容易达成；只有……才 比较难达成  说话人主观觉得难易程度不同

只要···就

The pair of conjunctions is used to connect two clauses in a conditional sentence.the  first clause being condition and the second being the result. For example````

 

（英语解释）是……的： The construction 是……的 is emphasizing specific aspects of past actions, such as when,where,how,what,etc.

 

把字句：

把 is used to shift the object before the verb, which must be reduplicated or accompanied by some other words or expressions. The structure is  S+把+O+V+other components  

把+补语 宾语 动态助词 动词的重叠式

negative form：不把  没把

 

课堂纪律：1. Make my rules on the first day of class. 2. Stop him or her from talking. 3.Come close to him and ask "What are you talking about?"4. If I cannot clearly explain the problems, I will try to let him understand after teh class. 5. I will clearly explain the classroom discipline to him, and make sure that he will take the consequences if he fails in doing homework.

 

文化冲突：1. respect their faith. 2. Avoid discussing politics or religions. 3. Seek more things in common in the two cultures. 4. Tell jokes to make the class atmosphere easy. 5. Organize more activities to unitize the class.

 

solar calendar/ lunar calendar